에볼루션 바카라 - Teaching About Evolution
Despite the best efforts of biology teachers, misinformation about evolution remain. People who have absorbed the nonsense of pop science often believe that biologists claim they do not believe in evolution.
This site, which is a companion to the PBS program, provides teachers with materials that promote evolution education while avoiding the types of misconceptions that can make it difficult to understand. It's laid out in a "bread crumb" format to aid in navigation and orientation.
Definitions
It is difficult to properly teach evolution. People who are not scientists often have a difficult time understanding the subject, and some scientists even use a definition which confuses it. This is especially relevant when it comes to the meaning of the words themselves.
It is crucial to define the terms that are used in evolutionary biology. The website for the PBS show, Understanding Evolution, does this in a clear and helpful way. The site serves as a companion for the 2001 series, but also a resource of its own. The material is presented in a way that aids navigation and orientation.
The site defines terms like common ancestor (or common ancestor), gradual process, and adaptation. click through the next site help frame the nature of evolution as well as its relationship to other concepts in science. The site gives a comprehensive overview of the ways the concept of evolution has been tested. This information can be used to dispel misconceptions that have been created by the creationists.
You can also access a glossary which contains terms used in evolutionary biology. These terms include:
Adaptation: The tendency for heritable characteristics to become more suitable to a particular setting. This is due to natural selection, which happens when organisms with more adaptable characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than those with less adaptable characteristics.
Common ancestor (also called common ancestor) is the most recent ancestor shared by two or more species. The common ancestor can be identified by studying the DNA of those species.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid: A huge biological molecular that contains the information required for cell replication. The information is stored in nucleotide sequences, which are strung into long chains called chromosomes. Mutations are the reason behind the creation of new genetic information within cells.
Coevolution: A relationship between two species in which evolutionary changes in one species are dependent on evolutionary changes in the other. Examples of coevolution are the interactions between predator and prey, or the parasite and the host.
Origins
Species (groups which can interbreed) develop through a series natural changes in their offspring's traits. These changes can be caused by various factors, including natural selection, gene drift and mixing of the gene pool. The development of new species can take thousands of years. Environmental circumstances, such as changes in the climate or competition for food and habitat can impede or accelerate the process.
The Evolution site traces through time the evolution of different animal and plant groups with a focus on major changes within each group's past. It also explores human evolution and is a subject of particular importance to students.
Darwin's Origin was written in 1859, when just a handful of antediluvian fossils of humans were discovered. The famous skullcap, along with the bones associated with it, was discovered in 1856 in the Little Feldhofer Grotto of Germany. It is now recognized as an early Homo neanderthalensis. Although the skullcap was not published until 1858, one year before the first edition of the Origin was published, it's highly unlikely that Darwin had heard or seen of it.
The site is mostly one of biology, but it also contains lots of information about geology and paleontology. The most impressive features on the site are a series of timelines which show how climatic and geological conditions have changed over time and an interactive map of the distribution of some of the fossil groups featured on the site.
While the site is a companion piece to the PBS television show, it also stands on its own as an excellent resource for teachers and students. The site is extremely well-organized and has clear links between the introduction content in Understanding Evolution (developed with support from the National Science Foundation) and the more specialized elements of the museum Web site. These hyperlinks make it easier to transition from the cartoon style of Understanding Evolution pages into the more sophisticated realms of research science. Particularly there are hyperlinks to John Endler's experiments using guppies that illustrate the importance of ecology in evolutionary theory.
Diversity
The evolution of life has resulted in an array of animals, plants and insects. Paleobiology is the study of these creatures in their geological environment, has many advantages over the current observational or experimental methods of studying evolutionary processes. In addition to exploring processes and events that occur regularly or over a long period of time, paleobiology is able to study the diversity of kinds of organisms as well as their distribution throughout the course of geological time.
The Web site is divided into several optional ways to learn about evolution that include "Evolution 101," which takes the viewer on a liner path through the science of nature and the evidence supporting the theory of evolution. The path also explores misconceptions about evolution as well as the history of evolutionary thought.
Each of the other main sections of the Evolution site is equally developed, with materials that support a variety of educational levels and pedagogical styles. In addition to the general textual content, the site features an array of multimedia and interactive resources including videos, animations, and virtual labs. The content is organized in a nested, bread crumb fashion that aids navigation and orientation within the vast Web site.
The page "Coral Reef Connections" For instance, it provides an overview of the coral's relationships and interactions with other organisms, and then zooms in on one clam that is able to communicate with its neighbors and respond to changes in conditions of the water at the reef level. This page, along with the other multidisciplinary, multimedia and interactive pages on the site, offer an excellent introduction to the broad range of topics in evolutionary biology. The material includes an explanation of the significance of natural selectivity and the concept of phylogenetics, an important tool to understand evolutionary change.
Evolutionary Theory
Evolution is a common thread that is found throughout all branches of biology. click through the next site of resources helps teachers teach about evolution across all life sciences.
One resource, the companion to PBS's television series Understanding Evolution is an excellent example of a Web page that provides the depth and the breadth in terms of its educational resources. The site features a wide range of interactive learning modules. It also features an "bread crumb structure" that assists students in moving away from the cartoon-like style used in Understanding Evolution and onto elements on this large website more closely related to the worlds of research science. For example an animation that introduces the idea of genetic inheritance connects to a page highlighting John Endler's experiments in artificial selection using guppies in the ponds of his native country of Trinidad.
Another useful resource is the Evolution Library on this web site, which has an extensive collection of multimedia assets connected to evolution. The content is organized in the form of curriculum-based pathways that are in line with the learning objectives set out in the biology standards. It contains seven videos specifically designed for classroom use. They can be streamed or purchased as DVDs.
Many important questions remain in the midst of evolutionary biology, including the factors that trigger evolution and the speed at which it occurs. This is particularly relevant for the evolution of humans, where it was difficult to reconcile religious beliefs that humanity has a special place in creation and a soul with the notion that our physical traits were derived from apes.
In addition, there are a number of ways in which evolution could occur and natural selection is the most popular theory. Scientists also study other types such as genetic drift, and sexual selection.
While many fields of scientific study have a conflict with literal interpretations in religious texts, the concept of evolution biology has been the subject of intense debate and resistance from religious fundamentalists. While some religions have been able to reconcile their beliefs with the ideas of evolution, others haven't.